April 2023
Multi-State Workforce Survey Results
In January 2023, CUPA-HR asked higher ed institutions for information about the employment of faculty and staff who live and work out of state (defined as a state different from where their institution’s primary campus is located). A total of 331 institutions from almost every state in the U.S. shared their policies and practices. About half of the participating institutions were public (49%) and about half were private (51%). Overall results are presented graphically below with notable differences between public and private institutions called out under selected graphics.
More private institutions indicated they employ out-of-state faculty or staff (92%) when compared to public institutions (84%).
Of the institutions indicating they do not have out-of-state employees, 37% do not plan to revisit their stance on out-of-state employment.
Only those institutions responding “yes” to having out-of-state employees continued with the rest of the survey.
More private institutions indicated they employ out-of-state salaried/exempt staff (77%) than do public institutions (68%). However, fewer private institutions employ out-of-state faculty (45%) than do public institutions (56%).
Public institutions were more likely to describe their institution's recruiting policies as
nonexistent or
restricted (85%) compared to private institutions (71%).
Private institutions were more likely to describe their institution’s hiring policies as
broad or
moderate (26%) compared to public institutions (12%).
Over one-third (33.8%) of institutions avoid hiring out-of-state employees from certain states. Those that avoid hiring from certain states were asked to identify those states.
Public institutions more often indicated they
always or
sometimes include salary ranges in job postings (89%) compared to private institutions (45%).
Additional challenges institutions specified in a write-in included benefits, payroll processes, taxes, and workers' compensation.
Private institutions more frequently cited state-level employment policies as an out-of-state employment challenge (80%) compared to public institutions (66%).
For more information related to multi-state workforces, check out:
